{"id":6081,"date":"2021-07-22T13:11:58","date_gmt":"2021-07-22T11:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/?p=6081"},"modified":"2025-10-07T11:28:47","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T09:28:47","slug":"supercomputadoras-que-son-y-cuales-son-las-mas-potentes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/blog\/supercomputadoras-que-son-y-cuales-son-las-mas-potentes\/","title":{"rendered":"Supercomputers - what are they and which are the most powerful?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Computers are an indispensable element.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> At work, at home or on your own phone; we live in a digital era and that is undeniable. Hence, the importance of this invention, a priori, recent in time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>However, the term \"computer\" already appeared in the 17th century, although its purpose was different: to designate a person capable of performing calculations. Later, in the 20th century, machines such as Zuse's Z1 (the first programmable computer), Turing's famous \"Enigma\", used during the Second World War, or the first portable computer in the 1970s, were seen.<\/p>\n<p>The 1990s also witnessed a historic milestone: the <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IBM Deep Blue<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> won a chess match against the then world champion Garry Kasparov.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>And at the same time, in 1993, the famous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.top500.org\/news\/fugaku-holds-top-spot-exascale-remains-elusive\/\" rel=\"\u201dnofollow\u201d noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Top500 list<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The world's supercomputers, where international researchers determine the capacity of the machine by looking at certain parameters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><q>Power, performance or speed are some of the variables to be taken into account when naming supercomputers.<\/q><\/p>\n<h2>What is a supercomputer? Definition<\/h2>\n<p>A <b>supercomputer or supercomputer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a type of computer with well above-average computing capabilities. In fact, the speed of these machines is measured in <\/span><b>petaflops<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or a thousand trillion operations per second.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In other words: <b>these computers are designed to process billions of pieces of data in one second.<\/b>. Hence, through statistics, they can be used to predict a tsunami or search for planets, among other actions.<\/p>\n<h2>Uses of this type of computer<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Armaments<\/li>\n<li>Pharmaceutical industry<\/li>\n<li>Big Data<\/li>\n<li>Bioinformatics<\/li>\n<li>Astrophysics<\/li>\n<li>Education<\/li>\n<li>Sustainability<\/li>\n<li>Geophysics<\/li>\n<li>Engineering<\/li>\n<li>Public safety and Smart Cities research<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Top 10 supercomputers in the world<\/h2>\n<p>First and foremost, it should be noted that although <b>the world's most powerful PC<\/b> has a Japanese origin (the Fugaku<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">); most supercomputers are split between China and the United States.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>On the one hand, China is home to 226 of the 500 most powerful supercomputers, and on the other hand, the United States is ahead in terms of petaflops. It has 644, as opposed to China's 565.<\/p>\n<p>Then, the <b>top 10 supercomputers in 2021<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Fugaku Supercomputer<\/li>\n<li>Summit<\/li>\n<li>Sierra Supercomputer<\/li>\n<li>Sunway TaihuLight<\/li>\n<li>Perlmutter<\/li>\n<li>Selene<\/li>\n<li>Tianhe-2A<\/li>\n<li>Juwels Booster Module<\/li>\n<li>HPC5<\/li>\n<li>sFrontier<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Fugaku: the world's most powerful computer<\/h3>\n<p>This is without a doubt the <strong>world's most powerful computer<\/strong>. This Japanese design, originating from the <b>Japan Computer Science Centre in Kobe<\/b>The Summit, which has topped the list since 2020, beat the American Summit with 415 petaflops, has been at the top of the list since 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Although its speed is <b>442 petaflops<\/b>This machine can exceed 1,000 petaflops (or 1 exaflop). This happens when Fugaku performs simple predictive floating point operations (artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms). At present, its more than 7 million cores are being used for <b>in COVID-19 related research.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Its processor measures 7 nanometres and uses an ARM architecture, which is characterised by smaller microprocessors, but also lower power consumption. This results in lower costs and is therefore much more optimised.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, it also uses the following operating system as its operating system <b>Linux<\/b>as well as <b>McKernel <\/b>for its lightweight core. This infrastructure is called the Heterogeneous Core Interface.<\/p>\n<p><q>Fugaku is the world's fastest supercomputer; in fact, the Japanese spent almost 7 years developing it.<\/q><\/p>\n<p>If you are interested in participating in a project of these characteristics, IMMUNE is clear: prepare yourself and become an expert. To do so, we recommend this <a href=\"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/ingenieria-software\/\">Degree in Software Engineering<\/a> or, if you prefer, you also have at your fingertips this <a href=\"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/data-science\/\">Master Data Science<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Are you looking for technology training? Fill in the form for more information<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los ordenadores o computadoras son un elemento indispensable. En el trabajo, en casa o en tu propio tel\u00e9fono; vivimos en una era digital y eso es innegable. De ah\u00ed, la importancia de este invento, a priori, reciente en el tiempo. Sin embargo, el t\u00e9rmino \u201cordenador\u201d ya apareci\u00f3 en el siglo XVII, aunque su cometido era [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8118,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6081"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6081\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8118"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/immune.institute\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}